hi all.
I currently aim to provide 2 adc readings with stm32f103c8 (cortex m3) and a simple pwm output modulation with pid. I have completed the spelling of the codes. but I can not debug somehow. The reason is the explanation in the subject. Every time I debug it, Keil gives this error.
"Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol arm_pid_init_f32 (referred from main.o)."
I cannot view the "main.o" file. I added the arm_math.h file in my codes. According to what is written on some forum sites; I have to enable the modules in the stm32f4xx_hal_conf.h file. but there is nothing in it about the arm_math library. The topic already discussed on other forum sites often contains the error of HAL library files. Does anyone know about this topic?
Edited: I have to say that the code contains only 1 error (mentioned in the title) when debugged for tutorial purposes. I don't know if the code works.
here is my all code ,written by uvision keil v5;
I currently aim to provide 2 adc readings with stm32f103c8 (cortex m3) and a simple pwm output modulation with pid. I have completed the spelling of the codes. but I can not debug somehow. The reason is the explanation in the subject. Every time I debug it, Keil gives this error.
"Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol arm_pid_init_f32 (referred from main.o)."
I cannot view the "main.o" file. I added the arm_math.h file in my codes. According to what is written on some forum sites; I have to enable the modules in the stm32f4xx_hal_conf.h file. but there is nothing in it about the arm_math library. The topic already discussed on other forum sites often contains the error of HAL library files. Does anyone know about this topic?
Edited: I have to say that the code contains only 1 error (mentioned in the title) when debugged for tutorial purposes. I don't know if the code works.
here is my all code ,written by uvision keil v5;
Code:
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
** This notice applies to any and all portions of this file
* that are not between comment pairs USER CODE BEGIN and
* USER CODE END. Other portions of this file, whether
* inserted by the user or by software development tools
* are owned by their respective copyright owners.
*
* COPYRIGHT(c) 2020 STMicroelectronics
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
* SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
* CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"
#include "math.h"
#include "arm_math.h"
#include "core_cm3.h"
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc1;
DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_adc1;
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim1;
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
#define PID_PARAM_KP 100 /* Proporcional */
#define PID_PARAM_KI 0.025 /* Integral */
#define PID_PARAM_KD 20 /* Derivative */
#define VALUE_CURRENT adcvalue[1] /* Value we actually have */
#define VALUE_WANT adcvalue[0] /* Value we want to have */
uint32_t adcvalue[2];
uint16_t duty=0;
uint16_t pid=0;
uint16_t pid_error=0;
float A0; /**< The derived gain, A0 = Kp + Ki + Kd . */
float A1; /**< The derived gain, A1 = -Kp - 2Kd. */
float A2; /**< The derived gain, A2 = Kd . */
uint32_t state[3]; /**< The state array of length 3. */
float Kp; /**< The proportional gain. */
float Ki; /**< The integral gain. */
float Kd; /**< The derivative gain. */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_DMA_Init(void);
static void MX_ADC1_Init(void);
static void MX_TIM1_Init(void);
void HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
*
* @retval None
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
arm_pid_instance_f32 PID;
/* Set PID parameters */
/* Set this for your needs */
Kp = PID_PARAM_KP; /* Proporcional */
Ki = PID_PARAM_KI; /* Integral */
Kd = PID_PARAM_KD; /* Derivative */
/* Initialize PID system, float32_t format */
arm_pid_init_f32(&PID, 1);
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_DMA_Init();
MX_ADC1_Init();
MX_TIM1_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
HAL_ADC_Start_DMA(&hadc1, adcvalue, 2);
HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_1);
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
pid_error = VALUE_CURRENT - VALUE_WANT;
/* Calculate PID here, argument is error */
/* Output data will be returned, we will use it as duty cycle parameter */
duty = arm_pid_f32(&PID,pid_error);
/* Check overflow, duty cycle in percent */
if (duty > 50) {
duty = 50;
}
else if (duty < 0) {
duty = 0;
}
htim1.Instance->CCR1=duty;
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct;
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct;
RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit;
/**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = 16;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
/**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_ADC;
PeriphClkInit.AdcClockSelection = RCC_ADCPCLK2_DIV2;
if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
/**Configure the Systick interrupt time
*/
HAL_SYSTICK_Config(HAL_RCC_GetHCLKFreq()/1000);
/**Configure the Systick
*/
HAL_SYSTICK_CLKSourceConfig(SYSTICK_CLKSOURCE_HCLK);
/* SysTick_IRQn interrupt configuration */
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(SysTick_IRQn, 0, 0);
}
/* ADC1 init function */
static void MX_ADC1_Init(void)
{
ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig;
/**Common config
*/
hadc1.Instance = ADC1;
hadc1.Init.ScanConvMode = ADC_SCAN_ENABLE;
hadc1.Init.ContinuousConvMode = ENABLE;
hadc1.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_SOFTWARE_START;
hadc1.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
hadc1.Init.NbrOfConversion = 2;
if (HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc1) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
/**Configure Regular Channel
*/
sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_0;
sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_1CYCLE_5;
if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
/**Configure Regular Channel
*/
sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_1;
sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_2;
if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
}
/* TIM1 init function */
static void MX_TIM1_Init(void)
{
TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig;
TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig;
TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC;
TIM_BreakDeadTimeConfigTypeDef sBreakDeadTimeConfig;
htim1.Instance = TIM1;
htim1.Init.Prescaler = 8;
htim1.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
htim1.Init.Period = 50;
htim1.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
htim1.Init.RepetitionCounter = 0;
htim1.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim1) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim1, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Init(&htim1) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim1, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_PWM1;
sConfigOC.Pulse = 0;
sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_HIGH;
sConfigOC.OCNPolarity = TIM_OCNPOLARITY_HIGH;
sConfigOC.OCFastMode = TIM_OCFAST_DISABLE;
sConfigOC.OCIdleState = TIM_OCIDLESTATE_RESET;
sConfigOC.OCNIdleState = TIM_OCNIDLESTATE_RESET;
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim1, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_1) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.OffStateRunMode = TIM_OSSR_DISABLE;
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.OffStateIDLEMode = TIM_OSSI_DISABLE;
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.LockLevel = TIM_LOCKLEVEL_OFF;
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.DeadTime = 0;
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.BreakState = TIM_BREAK_DISABLE;
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.BreakPolarity = TIM_BREAKPOLARITY_HIGH;
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.AutomaticOutput = TIM_AUTOMATICOUTPUT_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIMEx_ConfigBreakDeadTime(&htim1, &sBreakDeadTimeConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(&htim1);
}
/**
* Enable DMA controller clock
*/
static void MX_DMA_Init(void)
{
/* DMA controller clock enable */
__HAL_RCC_DMA1_CLK_ENABLE();
/* DMA interrupt init */
/* DMA1_Channel1_IRQn interrupt configuration */
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(DMA1_Channel1_IRQn, 0, 0);
HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(DMA1_Channel1_IRQn);
}
/** Configure pins as
* Analog
* Input
* Output
* EVENT_OUT
* EXTI
*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @param file: The file name as string.
* @param line: The line in file as a number.
* @retval None
*/
void _Error_Handler(char *file, int line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
while(1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t* file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
/**
* @}
*/
/**
* @}
*/
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
