Transistor astable multivibrator problem

[Letniq]

Hello,
I'm new to electronic things so my problem may look stupid.
I'm trying to make an astable multivibrator so It switch between two devices via two optron couples and triac.
I've made a a little scheme without the optrons but only with two leds so I can test it. The problem is that the transistors don't want to fully turn off and so the leds don't want to turn off too. They just get brighter when they should be turned on and get less bright when they should be turned off. Here is the scheme of my circuit.
I hope someone can tell me where is my mistake.

 

[BrownOut]

Your capacitors are connected backwards, and you need diodes connected to your transistor bases to protect your transistors from damaging spikes.

 

[Letniq]

... .......

 

[Letniq]

What do you mean by backwards?
The negative poles of capacitor goes to base of the transistor. It's like this on all schemes of astable multivibrators I saw on the net.

 

[BrownOut]

You were probably looking at schematics of multivibrators that used NPN transistors, in which case connecting the negative pole to the base would be correct. In reality, it's not important which transistor lead connects to which capacitor lead. It's important the the positive cap lead connects to the more positive part of the circuit, which in your case, is the transistor base. Think of which way current will flow into the cap. Positive current should flow into the positive lead.

 

[BrownOut]

Also, to get your transistors to turn completely off/on, you need to lower the value of your 500K base bias resitors.

 

[Letniq]

I started the circuit using this scheme as reference.
**broken link removed**

 

[audioguru]

A few transistor multivibrator oscillators on the net are shown with the polarity of the capacitors backwards. The wire of each capacitor that connects to the base of the PNP transistors is near the posistive supply voltage and the capacitor wire at the collectors goes to a much lower voltage.

The circuits are also shown with the supply voltage too high (like your circuit) which causes avalanche breakdown of the reverse-biased emitter-base junction of the transistors. Diodes can prevent the avalanche breakdown.

 

[Letniq]

OK, so if you understand you right. The circuit should look like this.

**broken link removed**

 

[BrownOut]

Now your diodes are connected backwards. And 500K is probably too high for the base resistors.

 

[Letniq]

Sorry for my stupidity. :|

It's the final I hope

**broken link removed**

 

[BrownOut]

I think that should work for you.

 

[audioguru]

The 2200uf capacitors might have too much leakage current for 100k base resistors.
You can use capacitors with a lower value that have a lower leakage current then a digital divider IC to produce the very low frequency.

 

[Letniq]

My idea is to control the time the device are turned on via 100K trimmers. I need achieve time aprox. 20sec to 120sec.
If you have different ideas how to achieve it. Please share.

 

[BrownOut]

I recommend a 555 timer circuit. Cycle times of 10 or more minutes are easy when using these devices. Here is a good **broken link removed**

 

[audioguru]

A CD4060 IC has an oscillator with a digital divider and can time for a fairly long time with a small timing capacitor in its oscillator.
A CD4541 is a programmable timer IC also with an oscillator and a digital divider and has many features.

 

[Hero999]

The 2200uf capacitors might have too much leakage current for 100k base resistors.
You can use capacitors with a lower value that have a lower leakage current then a digital divider IC to produce the very low frequency.

A better solution is to use Darlingtons so the resistor values can be higher and capacitors smaller, or normal transistors and a transistor buffer to power the device: I'll post a schematic if anyone's interested.

MOSFETs should also work but I've never built an astable with MOSFETs.

 

[AllVol]

I recommend ...[/URL]

Heard about the shooting down your way today. Hope you were nowhere around! Life gets crazy, sometimes.

 

[Letniq]

Actually now I'm using a 555 and a relay with fixed timing. The problem is that I couldn't control the high and low state time independently. After a search on the internet I've found a way to do it.

**broken link removed**
555 Timer Tutorials

If I understood right I can use two trimmers instead Ra and Rb and the time device 1 is on will depend on the trimmer 1 and the time device 2 is on will depend on trimmer 2.
Am I right?

 

[BrownOut]

Heard about the shooting down your way today. Hope you were nowhere around! Life gets crazy, sometimes.

Scary stuff. I used to attend UAH. I haven't been on campus for years. Thanks.