I cant read the number off of the big circuit, but the small one is a serial eeprom, which may contain the code or whatever for the car. When the person referred to the frequency, I dont think they meant the freq of the light, but rather the frequency of the pulsing. Having said that, my thought is that the frequency of the carrier is fixed and the bit pattern changes each time it is pressed, using some kind of rolling code technology.
I believe the trick to synchronizing rolling codes is a secret of microchip and others that have developed that technology. However, the rolling code methodology is well documented. I know for fact that it can be learned by other systems. My opener uses rolling code and my car is able to learn it. The process was to use the car to record the rolling code from the transmitter, then to have the receiver listen to the car transmitter. It has been working for a couple of years.