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lap winding, wave winding

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PG1995

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Hi,

The following windings are popular for a dc machine but I think they could also be used for ac commutator machine, i.e. universal motor. (It's not as simple to run a universal motor as a dc/universal generator[3]). I'm going to focus on dc machine.

winding_types.jpg

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/khairulazharRasid/chapter4-dc-motor

Let's focus on lap winding first. I have read some conflicting points about the lap winding. I really appreciate your help and time. Thank you.

Question 1:
At some places it is said that there are two types of lap winding - simplex and duplex. Some sources say that the types are: simplex, duplex, and multiplex. Which one is true or which is considered more mainstream?

Question 2:
Likewise, some sources say the parallel path in lap winding are twice the number of poles. But other sources say that number of parallel paths are same as the number of poles in simplex and twice the number of poles in duplex winding. Which statement is correct?

Question 3:
I have some related questions about the picture below.

How many parallel current paths are there and how do you define the term 'parallel current path'? For example, the source below picture has been taken from says the following.

"A winding in which the number of parallel path between the brushes is equal to the number of poles is called simplex lap winding.
A winding in which the number of parallel path between the brushes is twice the number of poles is called duplex lap winding."

In my opinion, the parallel current paths denotes the number of parallel currents path connections for each brush. But the problem is that in the picture below, there are only two such connections for each brush.

lap_winding_3.jpg

Source: https://www.electrical4u.com/lap-winding-simplex-and-duplex-lap-winding/

Question 4:
The segment of this video from 10:07 - 11:27 explains the shift of neutral plane and armature reaction.

In the shown winding above, there are eight commutator segments and four brushes. Does the problem of armature reaction also occur in such a lap winding when a brush comes in contact with two commutator segments. For example, the left most brush is shown making a connection only with commutator segment #1. What would happen when the brush is making connection with segments, 1 and 2?

Question 5:
I understand that in the picture below, an armature surface (possibly cylindrical surface) has been projected onto a 2D plane.

i: The coil marked red is basically a single coil consisted of many turns and not just one turn. Right?
ii: Physically, commutator segment #1 would be next to segment #8. Right?
iii: You see open ends in yellow, 2, 2, 4. There are other open ends in orange, 2, 15, 15. I understand that these ends connect to each other to complete the winding but still I couldn't make sense of their interconnections.

lap_winding_3_a.jpg


Helpful links:
1: https://www.quora.com/What-is-an-ac-commutator-motor
2: https://www.slideshare.net/khairulazharRasid/chapter4-dc-motor
[3]https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/361983/universal-motor-as-dc-generator
pole pitch commutator pitch
4: **broken link removed**
5: https://www.electrical4u.com/armature-winding-pole-pitch-coil-span-commutator-pitch/
6: https://www.quora.com/What-is-number-of-parallel-paths-in-DC-machine
7: /watch?v=wex3ZenASl0
8: https://www.quora.com/How-is-number...p-and-wave-winding-found-in-a-generator-motor
9: https://www.watelectrical.com/armature-winding-types-applications/
10: https://www.electrical4u.com/lap-winding-simplex-and-duplex-lap-winding/
11: https://circuitglobe.com/difference-between-lap-and-wave-winding.html
12: https://electronicspani.com/equalizer-connections-in-lap-winding/
13: https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-use-of-an-equalizer-ring-in-a-DC-machine
14: https://www.myelectrical2015.com/2017/09/dummy-coils.html
15: https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-simplex-and-duplex-lap-winding
16: https://www.electrical4u.com/wave-winding/
17: https://imagizer.imageshack.com/img921/2823/XS8tms.jpg , https://imagizer.imageshack.com/img922/4882/LjpI0a.jpg
18: https://imagizer.imageshack.com/img922/7969/He3trm.jpg , https://imagizer.imageshack.com/img922/9431/F2Iu0n.jpg
19: https://web.eecs.utk.edu/~tolbert/teaching/ece321/handouts/armature.pdf (very good)
 
Last edited:
The definitive book on motor winding is 'Electric Motor Repair' by Robert Rosenberg.
First published in 1946, but still very prized and sought after!
Max.
 
MaxHeadRoom78, thank you for suggesting this book. It seems a good book. But I'm only trying to understand some basic concepts and do not desire to learn it in detail or repair a motor. So, I hope someone could guide me with those queries.

Thanks.
 
Can I ask why you seem to think delving this deeply into the topic will help? You have been asking some very deep questions on this lately.
 
Can I ask why you seem to think delving this deeply into the topic will help? You have been asking some very deep questions on this lately.

Thank you!

Honestly speaking, I don't think the questions in this thread are deep. As a matter of fact, I was feeling somewhat embarrassed to ask them in the first place.

There were some points I was finding myself confused with so I thought I better confirm with persons who understand the theory as well as have practical experience.
 
Honestly speaking, I don't think the questions in this thread are deep. As a matter of fact, I was feeling somewhat embarrassed to ask them in the first place.

Most people don't even think about it unless they are in the business of repair of the items. Just my thoughts on the subject.
 
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