I use various techniques, depending what I'm building, how critical it is for speed & grounding, if it's a prototype that will probably be scrapped (or cannibalised) or something that must last.
A few examples I have to hand in the photo below:
Bottom left, a little test rig voltage regulator for 5V & 3.3V built on single sided stripboard.
Tracks are cut with a small drill bit spun by hand, or an old Vero cutter.
I usually use a solder blob to bridge adjacent tracks, or leave component leads long and bend them to suit before soldering.
Lower centre, a bit of ground plane square pad board with signal connections made using bits of wire wrap wire. That strips easily and the insulation does not shrink back while you are soldering.
Lower right, ground plane stripboard, the same soldered wire wrap wire for interconnections.
Top centre is a prototype of a rack computer I/O card, built on a Vero ground plane IC pattern board - quite possibly the style that plug-in protoboards copied, as I'm pretty sure they came out rather later.
I still use wire wrap for complex logic prototypes and one-offs, as it's a lot easier to get high density packing that if you need space to solder wires at the side of every IC pin.