It can't really be done, not in a practical sense.
There's plenty of uses for inductive chargers that require the pickup to be very close, like 1/2" away at most.
Radio does broadcast power, but it's just that- broadcast. The energy is cast in all directions and thus only a tiny amount can be captured. A receiving antenna is not a device with the ability to suck power from a large area, it captures only what actually hits it. Even if you built a huge transmitter, the FCC would not allow that kind of signal level.
Now there are directional antennas, which usually means microwave frequencies. Extremely good design can mean it can be tightly focused, enough that in theory a satellite might be able to capture a small fraction of the broadcast power. There was a demo awhile back that sent enough microwaves to power a pretty light remote controlled plane in the air.
But for a phone or other portable device, the antenna would need to tightly track the beam towards the device, the transmitting antenna would be phenomenally expensive, and not only will the FCC not like the power levels involved, it would generally be considered "unhealthy" to get in the way of it or downstream of all the power not intercepted by the receiving antenna.
A range of 100m is certainly achievable, but a battery is far more practical.
BTW, neither radio or microwave sends electrons out. It's an electromagnetic wave "rippling" out from the transmitter. No particles are sent out.