LED resistors:
See the datasheet page 6.
https://www.futurlec.com/4000Series/CD4511.shtml
The equivalent circuit shows Vdd. an unvalued resistor, a transistor and an LED segment.
Find the value of the resistor?
So, you have the display specs. I'll use 20 mA and 2.4 V which means the LED drops 2.4V maximum or so.
So if, Vcc = 5V
LED: Max Vf=24; 20 mA nominal
Diode drop: People use anywhere between 0.6 and 0.7 V. Knowing the transistor type, we could use the max value of Vce(Sat). The diode drop is temperature dependent and therefore a diode is a good temperature sensor. The slope is material property.
So, R <= (Vdd-V(CEsat)-Vf(LED))/20 mA
Note, I used 20 mA, which means 20E-3 Amps.
You can always use kohms and mA or ohms and Amps to get R. e.g. (10*1e3)/(20*1e-3)
Adding exponents, you get 10/20 E0 o 10/20 where the 10 is 10K and the 20 is in mA also has units of Ohms.
Early on you should note that the units are capitalized if it's derived from a proper name. Amps, Volts, Watts, Siemens(1/Ohms), Hertz. Watch out for m for milli (1e-3) and M for Meg (1e6). So, there is a BIG difference between 10 mHz and 10 Mhz.
The Siemen unit used to be known as a mho or ohm spelled backwards,