Not very feasible. A telephone subcriber loop, when the phone is 'on hook', will float up to around 48 vdc, however when it detects an increase in current draw due to the phone going "off hook" the then nominal 600 ohm load of the phone drops the loop voltage to around 6-8 vdc. So it may be possible to 'trickle charge' a battery if you could keep the load impedance higher then the 'off hook' detection level. You also have to deal with what happens when a 'ring' signal happens as then the loop has a 90v 20hz signal imposed on it.
Lefty