Some help with mic preamp to vu meter

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You should get familar with thee data sheet of your microcontroller. look to see if you find things on your list in that document. Then in the future you could ask more specific technical questions. That's your starting point. Any documentation you have with any hardware or software you will need.

If you don't use a speaker then you should replace the noisy LM386 power amplifier with a low noise opamp preamp.
I corrected your preamp circuit and cropped because it was too big.

The DC output at pin 5 is half the supply voltage with the signal causing it to go more positive and less positive. It goes to a minimum voltage of about +1.5V and a maximum voltage of the supply voltage minus 1.5V which are voltages too high for a micro-controller.

The DC output at the output of the output coupling capacitor is usually 0V with the signal causing it to go negative and positive. The negative will destroy the input of a micro-controller.

The output of the LM386 amplifier can feed a precision rectifier that has its output filtered that can feed your micro-controller.