I'm not sure how the device you link to works, also i'm in the UK so not familiar with US notes (btw you dont mention your location); but from:
https://www.wikihow.com/Detect-Counterfeit-US-Money
So that's how I'd do it, presuming the plastic strip is always XXmm from the edge you could set up a color recognition circuit.
I was going to ask why you would even need such a device but having looked at the link you gave this is clearly an important device for visually impaired people - shame it cost so much.