I just barely got a 100 element "const char" array to work in a very very tiny MSP430G2231 program (using CCS v4) a couple minutes ago. Your 430G2231 may be a bit undersized for whatever you're trying to accomplish. Remember, these are 16-bit Von Neuman architecture cores so each assembler instruction uses one or two 16-bit words of memory. That means the 2 kB of memory on the '2231 actually only translates to about 750 or so assembly instructions. I was surprised (more like shocked) when my first "LCD Demo" last year used half of the '2231 memory (500+ words).
TI is pretty generous with samples. Have you considered sampling a 20-pin value-line 430G2452 (8k) or 430G2553 (16k)?
If you are using CCS you can check the .map file under the Debug or Release folder to see the memory and how it is being used.
It seems pretty basic that if you have a 2k part, you aren't fitting all that much on it. Even if you got 2k bytes of const data on it, where is your program going?
I created a LCD library for a F2272 and I seem to remember having a bit of trouble getting the const to move data to FLASH. You might need to change to release mode to compile it to force everything to optimize properly. My assignment looked like this: