I can't find what a AD5733 is. A schematic would be helpful also. The spec sheet for the AD5292 shows an absolute maximum rating of ±3 mA on any pot pin. Are you within that rating? Many old designs with mechanical pots have currents far above 3 mA through them.
If the pot (voltage divider) is looking into a 10K load, as you hinted at earlier, you will be within the ±3 mA rating and you should be able to get almost 10 volts to the load with the wiper set all the way toward the +10V end, not to mention that you hinted that the input should be 0-5 volts, not 10 volts. Maybe by exceeding 5V at the input to the load, the load clamped the excess voltage and the max current on the pot pins was exceeded, possibly damaging the AD5733?