Hi, everyone. I really need some help from the experts to solve simulation problem of FM transmitter in Proteus software. I can't get desired output waveform through the constructed circuit. Here I attached my transmitter.DSN file. May I know the what's the problem? Does anyone have the sample of the circuit with well function simulation?
It is obvious that the negative terminal of the battery is not connected to the transmitter circuit, instead it is connected to C6 that is in series. C6 should be in parallel with the battery and the negative battery terminal should connect to the circuit.
Also the value of R1 is too high and the electret mic has its polarity backwards.
Also the value of C1 is too low to pass audio frequencies below about 500Hz.
A 47mF capacitor would be huge because it would have 47 thousand micro-Farads. Maybe you mean 47μF?
The -3dB cutoff frequency is easily calculated. The electret mic is about 3.3k ohms and parallel to the 10k resistor that powers its Jfet inside produces 2.5k that is in series with the input impedance of the preamp transistor that is about 5k ohms. Then the total resistance is about 7.5k ohms and the frequency is 1 divided by (2 x pi x RC)= about 0.5Hz which is an earthquake frequency. A 330nF (0.33uF) film capacitor would produce a reasonable cutoff frequency of 65Hz.
I replaced the microphone with a function generator for simulation purpose. However, it generates the only flat line of the output signal at antenna part except for the input sine wave.
What frequency do you expect the oscillator to produce?
How did you choose the values for L1 and C6 ?
The value of C6 is very high.
I am not familiar with simulators, but I believe that sometimes oscillators do not start in simulation. How you make them start I cannot remember, the problem has been reported here in the forum several times.
It looks like your input audio signal level is 50 times too high at 500mV. A microphone level is only 10mV.
Your coil L1 is only 1μH but it should be about 100μH and the capacitor C6 value is much too high at 3.3nF when it should be about 27pF.
The circuit is extremely simple so the output will be a mixture of AM and FM. You will not see the FM modulation on the 'scope.
I'm very doubtful you would be able to sim 87Mhz in realtime, Proteus isn't that good... You would need LTspice to run a sequence and show the snapshot...
Sorry, I was wrong. The coil should be 100nH and the capacitor should be 27pF. Your formula is missing "pi".
You cannot simply plug any numbers into the frequency formula, you need a coil that is actually a coil (1uH is a short piece of wire) and a suitable capacitor like 100nH and 27pF.
An FM radio station operates at around 100MHz. But its maximum frequency deviation (caused by very loud modulation) is only 150kHz or +/-75kHz. So the frequency changes only 0.15% that is so small that it cannot be seen on a 'scope.
Actually a bit more than that.
The quick and dirty version of the LC resonance formula is
f = 160/√(L*C)
Where f is the frequency in MHz
L is the inductance in uH
C is the capacitance in pF
If the 3.3nF capacitor in your LC tuned circuit has very low inductance and resistance then its high value causes it to be a dead short circuit (o.49 ohms) at around 100MHz and the transistor cannot drive it. My 27pF capacitor is 59 ohms.
The output is probably not a sinewave because the oscillator transistor is not properly biased. Some transistors will be saturated and some will be cutoff during parts of the waveform. The high impedance LC circuit is overloaded by the low antenna impedance of about 75 ohms. An added RF transistor at the output of the oscillator will allow the output to be a good sinewave like this:
Instead of calculating the values for audio capacitors you are simply guessing (wrongly).
Instead of calculating values for resistors to bias the audio transistor you are simply guessing (wrongly).
Your RF signal looks good but it has no 75 ohm antenna.
Why is the audio input a very high signal of 1V peak instead of 10mV peak from the microphone?
Why does your audio preamp transistor produce a voltage loss instead of voltage gain?
Why is the value of C3 so small that it passes only high pitched squeaks?