Hi hermhart,
If you live in a place where the supply voltage is
240 volts, you can strike the smaller tubes without
a ballast or transformer.
Kinjalp, i take it your supply is 120v, yes ?
Once lit the gas assumes a fairly low resistance,
so the current has to be limited, this is usually by
a capacitor in series with the unit normally to live.
When the starter changes state, the gas gets put into
circuit, the heaters become just electrodes.
I dont think this arrangement works on 120 volts.
But discharge tubes are a funny lot, there might be
some that do.
Regards, John