One temporary way around this problem is to find an old stereo receiver that has a "Phono" input on the back. As a temporary measure, this will give you an easy-to-use amplifier that will drive 8 ohm headphones or speakers. It may seem silly to use a big receiver to help with a simple crystal radio but in our business it is quite common to replace sections of a circuit we are developing with off-the-shelf functional boxes so that we can concentrate on one thing at a time. The Phono input on an old stereo is usually a fairly high impedance and is very very sensitive, so it will interface directly with your crystal radio detector. Once you have the crystal detector working well, you can then get a simple audio amplifier kit such as this one to replace the stereo:
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or
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I recommend a kit like this for the beginner as you are more likely to get it working than if you build it from scratch.