1) By optics. A coil of fibreoptic cable is wound in a spool (very long cable). When the coil is spun, you can measure a red-shift or a blue-**** depending if you rotate it clock-wise or counter clock-wise. This is called the Doppler effect.
2) Because RF is absorbed by (salty) water, just like lead would protect your gonads in a nuclear power-plant by absorbing radiation.
fibre optic gyroscope is the one that uses the interference of light to detect mechanical rotation. The sensor is a coil of as much as 5 km of optical fiber. Two light beams travel along the fiber in opposite directions. Due to the Sagnac effect, the beam traveling against the rotation experiences a slightly shorter path than the other beam. The resulting phase shift affects how the beams interfere with each other when they are combined. The intensity of the combined beam then depends on the rotation rate of the device