e44-72,
I maybe should have put this in the physics section of this forum. I have some questions I wondered if people could help me with.
I can help you with this.
Or the amount of charge of 1 farad charged to a potiential difference of 1 volt.
Charge is not measured in farads, it is measured in coulombs. Capacitors are not charged, they are energized.
I understand current tranports charges around the circuit and that the power supply (voltage) supplies these charges with energy ...
Voltage is the energy density of the charge. Current does not transport charges, current
is the transport of charges.
Do batteries store charge and/or energy?
They only store energy. When a battery pumps charges around in a circuit, it receives as many charge carriers from one terminal as it sends out from the opposite terminal. Therefore, it has the same amount of charge after being de-energized and it did when it was energized.
Does the amount of energy from a battery in joules get used up or the amount of charge and when its dead has it released all energy and/or charge
A battery gains or loses energy, never charge.
Do capcitors store energy and/or charge and does it release its charge and/or its energy.
Same thing. A fully energized cap has the same charge as a de-energized cap. The amount of charge added to one plate is balanced by the subtraction of charge from the opposite plate for a net charge of zero. The two plates of an energized cap have a separation of charge. It takes energy to separate the charges, and that energy is stored in the electric field between the plates where the dielectric is located.
Does the amount of energy from a battery in joules get used up or the amount of charge and when its dead has it released all energy and/or charge?
Batteries and caps supply energy to the circuit. They can also receive energy from a circuit if the current is reversed. In all cases, the amount of charge within the batteries and cap is invariant.
If nothing is ever used up in a battery why is it over time the batteries potential difference drops?.
The chemical energy of the battery is being used up. That explains why its voltage drops during use. Remember, voltage is the energy density of the charge.
I also just wanted to ask if I have a battery not connected too anything so no current flows would charges build up on the terminals of the battery when not being used?
Current does not flow twice, charge flows once. Current flow means charge flow flow. Current has existence and direction, but not a double flow. The separation distance between the battery terminals is too far for there to be any energy involved is separating the charges and causing a charge buildup. The metal terminals already contain a sea of mobile electrons that will readily move from one terminal to the other if there is a conduction path.
harold777,
..But leave it with the terminals open and a voltage will appear . . . I think this is due to ion drift,..
No, it is due to
dielectric absorption. When a cap is energized, magnetic dipoles form from the molecules of the dielectric. They are aligned in the direction of the electric field. After a cap than has been energized for a long time is de-energized, the dipoles point in random directions for as long as the cap plates are shorted. When the short is removed, the dipoles "remember" where they pointed to previously, and begin to align themselves in the same direction as before. They are able to do this from the residual dipole energy within the dielectric that does not get drained immediately. This dipole alignment causes a voltage to form spontanerously.
Ratch