As Russlk implies, the 555 is not ideal for this type of circuit. Even at low current loads, you lose 2 diode drops in the conversion process. The 555 also does not have a full rail-to-rail output swing, which causes you to lose even more voltage. With a 1k load, you'll probably only get about -3.6 volts. With a 100 ohm load, it might be more like -2.5 volts. This type of converter works fairly well with higher supply voltages, but for 5 volts, Russlk's suggestion is a much better solution.