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The distance that you can extend a 12V 10A power supply with 14AWG wire depends on several factors, such as the voltage drop, wire resistance, and load current. The longer the wire distance, the higher the resistance and voltage drop, which can affect the performance of the power supply and the connected devices.
To calculate the maximum distance that you can extend the power supply with 14AWG wire, you can use the following formula:
Distance = (Resistance x Current x 2) / Voltage Drop
where:
- Resistance is the resistance of the wire in ohms per unit length
- Current is the maximum current that the power supply can deliver in amperes
- Voltage Drop is the maximum allowable voltage drop in volts
Assuming a maximum voltage drop of 5% and a wire resistance of 2.5 ohms per 1000 feet (based on the American Wire Gauge standard), the maximum distance that you can extend a 12V 10A power supply with 14AWG wire is approximately 100 feet.
However, it's important to note that this is only a rough estimate, and the actual distance may vary depending on factors such as the specific wire used, the temperature, and the ambient conditions. It's also important to ensure that the wire is properly rated for the current and voltage requirements of the power supply, and to use appropriate wiring techniques to minimize voltage drop and maximize performance.
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My simple answer is if you can tolerate only 1% voltage drop and you know the wire pair for AWG14 is 5 ohms per thousand feet, then all you need to know is your equivalent load resistance must be more than 100x times the wire resistance.
Tony