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PIC16F Vs. PIC18F

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Microchip application note 716 (AN716) describes the main differences.
(It talks about 16C74 and 18C442 chips but it still applies to newer chips).
 
The 16F is 14 bit, and the 18F is 16 bit, this allows the 18F series to have a larger instruction set - the 18F has an instruction set that's optimised for use with C, and MicroChip even provide a free C compiler for it. Essentially it's a higher end version of the 16F, and runs faster as well, with an internal PLL that can run four times faster than the external crystal.
 
so wahts the benefit of larger instruction set

It gives you a number of extra instructions which simplify some tasks.

Bearing in mind the original post is five years old, there's also now the enhanced 16F series (16F1827 etc.), which provide a smaller number of extra instructions than the 18F, but offer great enhancements over the standard 16F, and (best yet) they are a fraction of the cost of either.
 
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