Dad is involved in something with silicon labs and linear technology and weurth, he and a university have put alot of money into a project, in part it will use energy harvesting, Dads main part in it all is from the biology side, they are looking for developers at the moment. But anyway, I have seen some of the Dev boards for energy harvesting working, Honestly Mr AG they are mind blowing! Personally I have only seen stuff using upto 50mA being powered, but I was told 200mA was possible.
I have read alot on Linear tech site, because of dads project I am doing an assembly at school, mine isnt exactly energy harvesting tho. But kind of similar.
Anyway I promise you that from what I have read and seen, it is more than possible to get useful power from piezo, enough to run a phone?? I dont know. Enough to be worth while in assisting the charging of a phone battery?? I would say yes, with the right Piezo transducer, then useful power available, the one I have seen in action is a kind of plastic strip, looks alot like a strain gauge type thing. I have piezo disc's like used in drums, and I totally agree , having played a little with the Kit, those disc's are a non starter for a shoe type set up, but I can make a Led light if I place the disc on dad's phone and make it vibrate
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As a School project I like it alot, but even with the flexi strips, I cant see them taking the strain day in and day out, inside a shoe. Also I dont know what kind of power you need to make a call, but I doubt you could power it solely from a piezo, but help charge the battery, I would say yes.
One of the energy micro boards we have, has been running for two weeks non stop, doing all sorts. And its powered by TEG and charges a cap bank up, but the whole setup dosnt use much current. It reads some sensors and sends data six times a day by wireless, then sleeps, but the LCD is on all the time.