OK -- in re-reading my last response, maybe I didn't go far enough...
Forward Voltage is the amount by which the anode potential exceeds the cathode potential, measured in volts.
Forward Current is the current in amperes that is present at a specified forward voltage, flowing from anode to cathode.
Reverse Voltage is the amount by which the cathode potential exceeds the anode potential, measured in volts.
Reverse Current is the current in amperes that is present at a specified reverse voltage, flowing from cathode to anode.
Bias refers to the voltage applied to a diode, which is either
forward or
reverse, depending upon its polarity.
Forward Bias is such that it will allow the diode to conduct current, i.e. the anode is more positive than the cathode.
Reverse Bias is such that it will cause the diode to block current, i.e. the cathode is more positive than the anode.
Reverse Breakdown Voltage is the maximum reverse voltage that a diode can experience without causing failure of the diode, e.g. allowing excessive reverse current.
Reverse Recovery Time is the time that it takes for a diode to switch from its "conducting" mode to its "blocking" mode when the polarity of the applied voltage is reversed.
Now... it's important to understand that when discussing voltage and current with respect to semiconductor diodes, it is customary to speak in terms of "the conventional theory of flow" rather than in terms of "the electron theory of flow".
It is known and understood that current is simply the movement of electrons, and that electrons flow from an area of abundance to an area of depletion (i.e. from negative to positive) -- like charges repel, remember? However, in the earliest days of the study of electricity, it was thought that the opposite was true -- that electricity flowed from positive to negative. This early concept is called the "conventional theory", and it is commonly used when discussing semiconductors as it somewhat simplifies the understanding of them.
If a more negative potential is applied to the anode than is present at the cathode, a diode is said to be "reverse biased" and it will block current, except for a minimal amount of "leakage" which is present in most diodes. If the reverse bias is continually increased, at some point the reverse breakdown voltage will be reached, at which point the diode will no longer be able to block reverse current.
If you want or need more info on this, post back and I'm we can help you further...