I would suggest you begin with readin this. PoE or Power over Ethernet was designed with telephony in mind. Do not believe you can just power things by plugging them into a Ethernet port on a home computer as there is more to it.
I suggest you also read this for an understanding of the pin out of an Ethernet port.
The only simple and readily available power from a home computer externally is via the USB ports with limited current at 5 volts. A good example is charging a cell phone using a USB port to provide 5 volts.