:lol:
Well, consist of a simple PN junction in Si for vulgaris(normal) one or other compounds like GaAs for high-speed/high-sensitivity one.
How it work, the light that enter into semiconductor will generate electrons-gaps pairs based on photons energy. Only electrons-gaps generated into depleted area of junction will be moved by the electric field present in this area and will sum the photo-current.
Usually a photodiode is used in reverse polarization for light sensing, and in direct polarization for converting light energy into voltage-current.
This is the basic about photodiodes.