First, start by simply drawing a block diagram of the system. One block for smoke detector, one for fire, one overheating and so on. Then the outputs of these go into a MCU block. This sends the message to be sent to the communication block.
Second, search google for ics and/or circuits for each block. For communication block, I think a cheap nokia mobile could be used. so search for "interfacing microcontroler nokia mobile".
Third, use knowledge from your education and common sense to interface all these individual circuits together.
If you are working in a team, assign each module to different people to achieve speed as well as expertise to each.
Finally, ask questions here on specific problems you face.