In another thread I commented on ESR, so I thought to include here.
ESR is graded according some formula in each dielectric. You can examine ESR from Tan Delta at 120 Hz or dV/dt for a given value when discharged.
ESR drops when C increases to some extent, but I like to create Figures of Merit when this occurs.
For example comparing the ESR * C product which varies as much as the ESR but is constant within a family of Caps at a fixed voltage and size.
You cannot always guarantee ESR drops with reducing voltage, increasing size, but this is generally true.
The biggest variability is from different dielectrics. These results are self-explanatory and are consistent with why we often used 0.01 uF with bulk electrolytics.
Generally for ESR*C my FoM is;
~ 10 seconds coincides with low ESR,
~ 1 second coincides with very low ESR
~10 ms is extremely low ESR
and <1ms is ultra low ESR.
RC(ms) ESR . . C (uF) Type caps
0.5ms . . 50 mΩ . 0.01 metal film (MF) caps (best)
10 ms typ MF
100ms . . 100Ω . . 1 uF MF general purpose ( poor)
1 s . . . . 100mΩ . . 10 uF Alum Electrolytic (best)
100s . . . 100Ω . . . 100,000uF Double Electric layer Super Caps
Long Life are usually 105'C rated vs lower temp. (85'C)