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Resolution is about what size quantities you can dsitinguish. Your analog system wil have a voltage range. It might be [0..10] VDC, [-12..+12] VDC, or [0..5]VDC. On to this analog range you will map some number of numeric values. If the converter is an 8-bit one, then there will be 256 values in the range [0..255] that will correspond to your analog voltage range. A one bit change in the number will correspond to some amount of voltage. That's your resolution.
The step size is the absolute value of the analog voltage range divided by the number of values. For [0..10] VDC and 256 values the step size is 39 mVDC.
These are not the only ways to make a DAC and an ADC.
DAC:
Binary output bits are applied to an R-2R ladder network. The currents are summed in such a way that the total current is proportional to the binary value. This current can be turned into a voltage with an op amp.
ADC:
Successive approximation is a technique where a DAC creates a series of outputs which bound the unknown voltage. A comparator is used to determine if the present DAC output is above or below the unknown input. After a number of comparisons equal to the number of bits the value of the unknown voltage is equal to the result of the comparisons.
I have no clue what you mean by single bouncing and double bouncing, so you will have to elaborate on that for me to answer.
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