The 74hc4046 is a 5 volt part. Also HCT, LV, VHC. There were many other versions.
The MC14046 and CD4046 will work up to 12V and 15 max. also HE4046
There are other versions.
For testing: the oscillator will work with two resistors and a capacitor. That is easy to test.
There are 3 phase comparators. Not easy to test.
The source follower should be easy to test.
How much testing do you need? It you are only using compareII then only test it and not compareI
The data sheet for a device often shows a test circuit suitable for testing it. I know this to be the case with the CD4046 device. The 4046 includes all but a few components necessary to build a complete PLL. Testing would involve building that PLL and seeing to it that (among other things) the output frequency follows the reference frequency over a certain range using the phase detector(s) of interest.