Most likely a dedicated DECT base controller such as these
Or just a DSP class microcontroller.
The board was made to take a conventional 100 pin flat pack TQFP style IC as an alternate to the COB construction, likely either for initial production and design proving or just as an alternate depending on what IC sources were available.
You can learn infinitely more from the ICs that have numbers than from "blobs"!
And you can learn
nothing practical or useful for designing your own stuff by pulling ICs apart, whether normal package or bare die..
Other than the controller IC:
The area at the lower left of the PCB is the telephone line interface, middle area power supply & voltage regulation, lower right corner the radio [DECT] transceiver IC.
The top centre area with the TO92 transistors is likely audio amplification or buffering between the phone line interface and ICs.
And the 8 pin at the top right most probably a memory IC, either settings storage or voicemail (or both) depending on its capacity.
The photo is not good enough quality to read the part numbers.