I have found that it can be both a timing issue and a voltage one...I have seen this first hand on a couple of programmers that I have fixed for friends. Better programmer software solved my problem on one occasion, and I had to add a couple of diodes to the regulators on the other one to get the voltage up a smidge as it was sagging a little below Vpp during the write cycle., strange though because it was flawless every other time. I eventually put it down to poor quality caps.