you are true write that Majoring pollution we have a sensor for each devices.Air pollution can be directly measured as it is emitted by a source in mass/volume of emission.
It is the fact that "pollution" is subjective to what you consider pollution. For example, Oxygen might not be a pollutant for you .. But it can be a pollutant if you want a chemical reaction that is anaerobic.
The word "pollutant" depends on what you are doing and what you consider to be an undesired body for "that" particular application.
It's the same as the "noise" in signal processing. One man's noise is another man's useful signal. When you want to measure noise for example, the noise is your very signal you're interested in, and anything than noise is .. noise