Golf cart batteries are a good choice, they're designed to be robust in general and for deep discharge. Something like a car battery would be a poor choice because they're not designed for deep discharge, they're designed for cranking amps only to start the car, then the cars alternators immediately provides a float charge to keep the battery full. Another good choice would be marine batteries, specifically ones marketed as being for 'deep discharge'
Be sure you do your research, there's a lot that goes into the practicality of a solar battery charger that will determine it's lifespan.