There are some things in life that just. don't. make. sense.
For example, why do we drive on parkways, but park on driveways?
Something very important that just. doesn't. make. sense. is the fact that most TTL chips and many CMOS chips require 5 volts, when that voltage is impossible to achieve using 1.5 V batteries.
My questions? How do you go about supplying 5.0 Volts to a circuit? Wall outlet + transformer? Specialty battery?
Here in the UK a drive is a short piece of private road connecting one's house and one's garage, is that what a driveway is in the US?
Something very important that just. doesn't. make. sense. is the fact that most TTL chips and many CMOS chips require 5 volts, when that voltage is impossible to achieve using 1.5 V batteries.
You use a low dropout regulator and a 9V battery to give you 5V.
Most CMOS ICs will run from 3V to 15V (some 18V) which will work fine from 3 to 9 AA cells or a 9V battery.
HC CMOS ICs will run from 2V to 6V and will run from a couple of AA cells.
Always take the discharge graph of AA cells into account when using them with your circuits. Assume 1.6V per cell when the batteries are brand new and 1V per cell when they're dead.
My questions? How do you go about supplying 5.0 Volts to a circuit? Wall outlet + transformer? Specialty battery?
You can buy regulated 5V wall adaptors or connect an LM7805 regulator to a 9V adaptor. It's possible to build your own power supply from a 9V 1.5A transformer, a bridge rectifier, a 3,300:mu:F to 10,000:mu:F capacitor and an LM7805 regulator.
CMOS supports voltages as low as around 3V, but that extra volt does help quite a bit, since it allows the circuit to continue running even after the batteries drop in voltage output.
A 6V battery supply, for instance from four AA batteries, plus a 7805 voltage regulator will supply regulated 5V for longer than if the battery supply was initially 5V. As the 6V battery supply is used, its voltage will drop, but as long as it stays a bit above 5V, the 7805 will continue to supply regulated 5V.
Parkways and driveways? What about hemorrhoids and asteroids? That one always seemed mixed up to me.
Old fashioned TTL uses too much current for a battery. So you need a power supply to heat them up.
Ordinary Cmos works with a supply from 3V to 18V at low current.
High speed Cmos works with a supply from 2V to 6V at low current.
In Canada, I have never seen a toll road.
A parkway is a pleasant drive in a park or beside a river or lake.
My son put some rubber stripes in my driveway.
A 6V battery supply, for instance from four AA batteries, plus a 7805 voltage regulator will supply regulated 5V for longer than if the battery supply was initially 5V. As the 6V battery supply is used, its voltage will drop, but as long as it stays a bit above 5V, the 7805 will continue to supply regulated 5V.