Not impossible task.
Tactile sensor , maybe good idea is use piezoelectric sensor but to measure force between motor actuator and robotic arm griper. But good is deliver information , motor consumption compare on simple electronic to avoid mistake. And information processed in micro controller. Temperature sensor is very easy or special semiconductors, or some in regular usage.(In electronic shop they are semiconductors capable to for 1 C give output 0.1 V , good enough?)
Anyway you need Analogue-Digital converter.
Proximity Sensor depend how fast, how precise you need. But can be used optical sensor.(Example)
For contact sensor(On-Off only) maybe good to use simple micro switch (Do you know how Apollo was contact sensor on lunar landing module, simple tiny rod connected with micro switch, and this basic principle are still in use in automatic industrial machine , work well, for machine utilization)