Since you are a newbie, the most valuable piece of information I will pass on to you is to READ THE DATA SHEET (**broken link removed**).
If you had read the data sheet, Fig 4 would have showed you that an unused pin 4 should be tied to Vcc (+9V). (your likely biggest error)
If you had read the data sheet, Fig 4 would have showed you that an unused pin 5 should be bypassed to GND with a 10nF capacitor.
If you had read the data sheet, Fig5&6 would have showed you that your values for R1, R2 and the Ct are ok.
If you had read the data sheet, Page 10, ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, first paragraph is HUGELY IMPORTANT. (Your second biggest error)
My suggestions in order of importance:
1. Add the missing pin 4 wire.
2. Check polarity of timing capacitor; Plus should go to pins 2,6. Minus to GND
3. Add a power supply bypass capacitor, 1 to 10uF, Plus to pin 8, Minus to pin 1, short leads.
4. Add the 10nF bypass capacitor between pin 5 and GND.
5. Try another chip
Check to see if the astable oscillates after each step above...
When copying any circuit posted on the Web, be very suspicious. Most have serious errors. IMHO, they are created by computer nerds who are really good at creating fancy web pages, but don't know which end of a soldering iron to pick up.
Test to see if it oscillates after each step above...