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The IRF511 is the driver for the coil; it's controlled by the Oscillations from the 555. The RC timing of Oscillations from the 555 for IRF511 in turn drives the Primary side of the coil and then R3 can be tuned to a specific frequency that the coil creating the high voltage can reach resonances or optimal output.
Edit: You've probably seen this but; I just thought to add it for fun.
If you reversed the connections to the secondary the circuit would probably work just as well as if one side of the secondary was grounded as you'd expect.
The reason why the circuit has a common + on the coil is probably due to the fact the author has used a car ignition coil, some car coils esp older ones have a common pri and sec connection to the + terminal, making that circuit necessary.
You could just reverse the low tension polarity, however that might cause issues with the coil internal insulation, they have coolant and all kinds of weird stuff in them.
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