walters said:
Most germanium PNP circuits use positive ground like (-) 9 volts so if the input signal is inputing a function generator with positive voltages the output of the circuit should output a mirror version of the input signal i would think its just flipped
Germanium transistors have been obsolete for a long time.
Electronic circuits usually have the polarity if their input signals the same as their power supply. If you apply positive pulses to a PNP transistor that has its emitter grounded, The transistor would always be cutoff and wouldn't work. If the transistor is silicon and the pulse exceeds +5V then the reverse-biased junction would have its absolute max rating of 5V exceeded and it will have avalanche breakdown. It will be destroyed if nothing limits the current.
About the only way for a PNP transistor with a negative supply would work with positive input pulses is if its input had a negative offset voltage that cancels the positive input.
Negative ground circuit:
If ground is Zero volts and the function generators is output a triangle waveform at (+)5volts p/p. On the oscilloscope the triangle would ramp up and down +2.5 down to -2.5
Only if the circuit has a gain of one, a positive power supply and a negative power supply, is biased to ground, and the function generator is coupled to the circuit with a capacitor. If the circuit is DC coupled to the function generator then the circuit must have an input offset DC voltage of -2.5V to cancel half of the input DC level.
Positive ground circuit:
If ground is (-) 9 volts and the function generator is output a triangle
wavefrom at (+)5volts p/p. On the oscilloscope the triangle would ramp up and down -2.5 down to +2.5?
A Positive ground circuit doesn't have ground also at -9V.
A circuit without a positive power supply can't produce a positive output voltage.
Does the Positive ground circuit reverse the input voltages?
No. Positive-going is always positive-going unless something inverts it.
quote]or mirror the input voltages?[/quote]
An inverting circuit is needed to mirror signals.
or change the DC offset to negative DC?
No. A level-shifter or inverting circuit is needed. It would probably need positive and negative supplies.
The height measurement to the positive ground is confusing me sorry
About the only time you will see a modern circuit with a positive ground is with telephone systems in a central office.