The COM port have a low baud rate and support long cable, but the max lenght of a cable depend by what type of cable is and the medium perturbations level.
The USB port support 3 modes of work:
low speed (1.5 Mbps max)
full speed (12Mbps max)
high speed (400Mbps max - only on USB2.0).
For long cable the low speed mode is recommended.
The full speed support only few meters of cable.
High speed is not for cable transmisions because of very high rate.