Some PIC microcontrollers (e.g., PIC12C672 and PIC16F628) have built-in oscillator circuits
and they do not require any external timing components. The built-in oscillator is usually setto operate at 4 MHz and is selected during the programming of the device. For example, the
PIC16F62X series of PIC microcontrollers can be operated with an internal resistor–capacitorbased
4-MHz oscillator (called mode INTRC). Additionally, a single resistor can be connected
to pin RA7 of the microcontroller to create a variable oscillator frequency (called ER mode).
For example, in the PIC16F62X microcontroller OSC1 and OSC2 pins are shared with the
RA7 and RA6 pins, respectively. The internal oscillator frequency can be set by connecting
a resistor to pin RA7 as shown in Fig. 1.22. Depending on the value of this resistance, the
oscillator frequency can be selected from 200 kHz to 10.4 MHz (see Table 1.8). When used in
this mode, pin RA7 is not available as a digital I/O pin.