difference between multiplexing and multiple access

[samina]

can any one tell me the differences between multiplexing and multiple access.
I will be obliged if u suggest me any site for this topic

 

[jcircuited]

hi samina

The below wiki link has the detail u need
WikiAnswers - What is the difference between multiplexing and multiple access

 

[Syed Horr]

salaam samina
i hope u fine.

Modulation, Multiplexing and Multiple Access are the three basic terms used for any type of network. Usually some of us get confused by these three. In this post lets discuss about what exactly these terms means and how they are different from each other.

Multiplexing means combining many signals on one wire, for example, a phone line that also carries data traffic need to be multiplexed on the same wire. As is cable television, so it takes a device to separate the signals so they can be used, this is what modems and TV tuners do.

Multiple access just means many can access at one time, Ethernet is multiple access, token ring is not.

Multiplexing is process to combine multiple signal for transmit it over a single channel or media. generally multiplexing combines several low-speed signals for transmission over a single high-speed connection. e.g. Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) ,Statistical Time Division Multiplexing (STDM),Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM).

Multiple Access:

Multiple-access is a techniques that permit many users to simultaneously access a given frequency allocation.There are several different ways to allow access to the channel. These include the following.

* frequency division multiple-access (FDMA)
* time division multiple-access (TDMA)
* time/frequency multiple-access
* random access
* code division multiple-access (CDMA)
# frequency-hop CDMA
# direct-sequence CDMA
# multi-carrier CDMA (FH or DS)

 

[acc1444]

MODULATION:
Usually, the signal that we want to transmit, say a speech signal with 4000 Hz frequency, will require a very big antenna. For any signal the frequency f is related to wavelength L as
c = L * f ………………………… (i)
Where c is velocity of light. And antenna length is generally taken as L/2 which simply means for our case antenna length is 75000 m, obviously this size of antenna is too big to use on day to day basis. That is why we take our speech signal or the desired signal and take another high frequency signal known as carrier (carrier can be any signal but should have high frequency and in practice we use a simple continuous wave signal), now we alter one or more parameters of this career signal in accordance with our desired signal, this parameters can be any one or combination of parameters. The basic parameters are amplitude, frequency, and phase of the signal. The result of this alteration we get is known as modulated signal, the desired signal which we wanted to transmit is known as modulating signal also known as base band signal and modulated signal is also known as band pass signal. The whole process is known as MODULATION.
There are many types of modulation starting from amplitude modulation popularly known as AM, frequency modulation (FM), QPSK, PCM, GMSK, QAM etc.
MULTIPLEXING:
Basically there are two types of system, time domain and frequency domain. In time domain we transmit frames, and in frequency domain we transmit in accordance with frequency. Now if there is more than one source of signal and we want to transmit them together then we implement multiplexing. In multiplexing we mix the source signals (off course with some precautions) say if we want to mix them in time domain then our frame will contain some packets form source A and some packets from source B and so on depending upon the constraints of the channel and time frame. The signals that source are generating can either be modulated signals or we can even send our multiplexed signal to the modulator and then modulate the signal. At the receiving end be demultiplex the signals. In multiplexing we do not provide a dedicated resource to a single source. I.e. we do not dedicate the complete time frame to a single source (in our case it is time frame). Multiplexing is also seen as you are travelling on a four lane road and suddenly it get narrower and turned to single lane, at this point the traffic police will allow one car from each lane to drive through that narrow single lane, this is what we called MULTIPLEXING.
MULTIPLE ACCESS:
As the name suggest, multiple access means multiple users can access the channel or link. Multiple access provides dedicated resources to the user (with a time constraint) in comparison to the multiplexing which does not provide any type of resources. There are many type of Multiple access schemes like FDMA frequency division multiple access, TDMA time division multiple access, CDMA code division multiple access, SDMA space division multiple access etc. take the example of FDMA, the whole frequency band is divided into small frequency bands called channels, now each channel is having certain capacity to take the traffic say a channel can accommodate single user at time, then the whole frequency bandwidth can be access by as many users as there are channels, mathematically if we are having a bandwidth of 200 KHz and channel bandwidth is 50 KHz then it means we can accommodate 4 users at a time by giving 50 KHz channel to each. This is so called multiple access, i.e. multiple users can access the bandwidth simultaneously and we do not require any additional hardware at the receiving end to separate the desired user from the other users as we do in Multiplexing. In reality the concept of Multiple Access is more complicated and In GSM each channel can accommodate 8 users at a time and each channel has 200 KHz bandwidth.