Your breadboard from top to bottom:
The 1st horizonal pins (blue line) are all connected together.
The second set of horizontal pins (red line) are all connected together.
The bottom set of horizontal pins (Blue line) are all connected together.
The bottom set of horizontal pins (Red line) are all connected together.
This gives you 4 common points. So, for a simple project with one power supply it's advantious to connect the top and bottom reds together and the top and bottom blue together. then connect your power supply (e.g.) +5 to red and GND to Blue, so you now have convienient places to connect to +5 or ground.
Next, note the depression in the middle of the board. A DIP or Dual Inline IC will straddle that cutout and for example 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E are all connected together. This gives you 4 things that you can connect to a single pin of an IC.
So each of the 5 vertical contacts are connected together and then the cutout and 5 more which are connected together, so you end up with 60 five-way tie points.
Wires and/or components are placed in the holes. Component leads or solid conductor wires can deform the contacts if too big.
Google is your friend;
https://computers.tutsplus.com/tutorials/how-to-use-a-breadboard-and-build-a-led-circuit--mac-54746
There is both a neat and messy way of using a breadboard.
But, that's the general idea.