Arduino Code on Non Arduino?

I have an Arduino board with an ATMega328-PU. If I buy a stand alone ATMega328, and build a serial programmer for it, can I use the Arduino IDE and Arduino programming language to program it?

Or is there something special about an Arduino board that this won't work.

i think you would have to install the boot loader for it or something. Not 100% sure. But heh its somewhat of a answer