We used to build toggle switch microprocessors like that on the late 70's, usually 8080 or SC/MP etc, by the time Z80 and 6802 came out most people were using hex keypads. But they always had a 40 pin micro and at least one other 40 pin IC, a peripheral interface chip. Then usually a wide 28 pin eeprom and/or wide 28pin ram chip. Then we programmed them by flipping the toggle switches to set address and data and pressing the "memorise" button LOL. Again it would have had probably 12 to 14 switches for address and 8 more switches for data.
That device is not that old, the blue rotary switch is recent, 70's ones were brown bakelite. And thumbnail switches are fairly recent, and so are LS chips. I think it was custom made probably in 1985 as per the sticker, and it seems to be a gang programmer or tester of some type, probably made in a hurry for a specific test task. It has 4 sockets, for the target ICs I guess.
The rotary switch has "load, prog, single set" all seem to be something to do with gang programming. I guess the parallel port went to a PC, then this device was used to program the target chips and then do testing. The 4 target IC sockets are wired the same, and are 16pin ICs, so they were not PICs. The 10 pins that are wired on each IC would give a clue to what the target ICs were. That is a bit of a mystery, I don't remember any 16pin microcontrollers around 1985 and when I bought one of the first picstarts in about 1987 the PIC16cXX were 18 pin. Maybe it was one of the early Motorola micros?