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time variant and invariant system

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PG1995

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Hi

Could you please help me with these queries, **broken link removed** and **broken link removed**? Thank you.

Regards
PG
 
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Regarding Q2: You always have two alternatives for combining the symbol V with the drawing of a negative voltage source.
* use positive polarity and write -V
* use negative polarity and write +V.

Thus, it is correct since the text says -V2.
 
Thank you for your replies to the Q2.

I'm sorry but I'm still confused about the Q2. I have added some comments **broken link removed** which might help you to better understand my confusion. Thanks.

Regards
PG
 
I now see your point and there now would be two mistakes:
1. The polarity of V2
2. The polarity of V2 acting alone

The bozo that made the pic really should have included the (+) (-) markings on the battery. Then probably the proof reader would have caught it.

I now agree with you, there are two mistakes.
 
Thank you, KISS.

Now could someone please help me with the **broken link removed**? Thanks a lot.

Regards
PG
 
You know what? This course looks like it was created by the instructor and it's sole purpose is to act as a "weed killer". It removes people from the possible graduating class.

I have a trick for you. If you can take any math courses continuing ED or ones that are taught my a non math professor. Typically these are taught by engineers and a lot of the proofs of theory etc is minimized.
 
Hi

@KISS: You are correct in saying that taking some courses from non-math instructors is a good idea. But the instructor under discussion is not a weed killer per se. But the way he is going, he will definitely kill some of the weed alongside the non-weed. Simply, he does not know anything about the subject. He googles things up and writes them down on a sheet of paper and comes to the class for lecturing. I don't know why he is not following the prescribed textbook. But I have been continuously telling him that he shouldn't deal the topics in random order because it is confusing all the students.

Now I have put the **broken link removed** in **broken link removed** and you can also see the book's explanation. Thanks.

Regards
PG
 
PG:

I could not agree more. I'm having a hard time, especially tonight (medical issue) wrapping by head around the mathematics. Intuitively, though I think I can make some intuitive sense out of some of it.

Taking a really simple example of an amplifier with a gain of 10. No matter where in time you apply the input signal (say a sin wave) it will have the same output, so it;s time invariant.

Remember that funky function called u(t) or the unit forcing function that was probably around in the Lalpace Transform stuff? Same deal, in most of the cases, the system has the same response no matter when the stimulus is applied. Your delaying the application of the signal, NOT applying the signal after a delay. I think that's important.

Now if you has s(t) representing the path of some bug on an airplane propeller and at t=0 you pushed the propeller, the bug can be anywhere, so it's time variant.

PS:
The instructor doesn't necessarily have to be the weed killer, it could very well be the topic. "Introduction to Discrete Mathematics" and "Dynamics" were two of those courses and no where near subjects like Physics I (basically materials) or Physics II ( Electricity and Magnetism) and Physics II (Relativity). The point is the engineer will teach the math courses from a practical standpoint. The Electrical Engineer might never see this stuff, so the engineer won't think it's that important.
 
Thank you for your replies to the Q2.
I'm sorry but I'm still confused about the Q2. I have added some comments **broken link removed** which might help you to better understand my confusion. Thanks.
Regards
PG

Sorry, but I like to come back to Q2.
For my opinion, the text - together with the drawing - as quoted in post#1 - is somewhat confusing (primarily because of the drawing with two equal looking batteries), however it is correct because the text says V2=-V1.
But there is one single error in the second part (shown with post#4) - and that can be found in the drawing at the bottom (right side). Again, the polarity of the battery in the drawing is somewhat confusing but in conjunction with the text (V2=-V1) it seems to be (more or less) OK, but very uncommon. However, the information I1=I2 certainly is not correct. It should be only I2 (very low, according to the text).

Additional remark: Of course, it is not an "additive system" because it contains a non-linear element (diode) with a non-linear voltage-current relationship. Thus, the superposition theorem may not be applied.
 
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in your first problem, in simple words the time invariant system is the system which its "manner" of response remains the same. here this manner is noted Y1. in your example, it is shown that in different time points, the response remains in the same form Y1, of course depends on the instant when the output is measured.
 
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