Intermediate Stun Gun - Page 10 - Electronic Circuits Projects Diagrams Free

Zed · 9th April 2007, 09:56 PM

I was wondering if the stun gun circuit could be modified into an electronic form of Viagra.
Having said that I have an image from that other thread where the guy holds onto the final anode cap of a TV set and sets light to paper with his finger now.

Sceadwian · 10th April 2007, 12:24 AM

Considernig it's blood vessals not muscle tissue involved, electricity isn't going to be overly useful.

cbryant18 · 10th April 2007, 06:15 PM

Well, I finished this project a couple of days ago, but it is not a very painful shock. Almost like a bee sting. I could not get this to work without grounding the third pin on the transformer though. Any suggestions?

audioguru · 10th April 2007, 10:53 PM

A painful bee sting? Not just a little mosquito bite?

The 5th wire from the transformer is not supposed to be connected to anything, it certainly should not be connected to ground.

things · 13th April 2007, 12:01 AM

for high voltage why not just connect the 9 volt battery's negative lead to a ignition coil and quickly swipe the positive over the + terminal on the coil. that gives a pretty good spark and shock. although you do get about 300 volts or so back from the coil into the battery or your hand if you touch the battery lead while your doing it. do the batteries mind that or are they going to explode on me?

audioguru · 13th April 2007, 12:17 AM

A 9V alkaline battery won't explode when you overload it with an ignition coil, it will just die quickly and will get hot.

cbryant18 · 13th April 2007, 01:50 PM

Well, I hooked this up again on a trainer and it worked great-so now I am going to try soldering a new one altogether-and hopefully I won't get any wires misplaced!

TheVictim · 14th April 2007, 05:27 AM

Is that a stun gun in your pants or are you just happy to see me?

leonar · 22nd April 2007, 07:55 AM

0. The transistor used here is as a switch that on and off repeatly. What is the ideal freq. of this on & off?
1. The transistor used here is as a switch that on and off repeatly, so it is only produce pulse DC ( no negative pulse). Is it as good as the pulse that has negative pulse ( for example: pure sinus wave)? How about the efficiency between them?
2. The trafo used in this thread probably rare to find and have thin wire, that make me care the thin wire will broken when i apply about 500mA current. So, i will use regular household adaptor that is easily founded, 3V at the primary and 240V at the secondary winding, rated 500mA. Is it OK? Or maybe have to be rated 1A?
3. If above regular trafo is used, which freq. is suitable that generate by the 555 (at pin 3)? Is it 50/60Hz?
4. Is there more suitable trafo beside above regular trafo?
5. What's the function of D1 (4148)? Is it safe if it's not used?
6. What's the function of D2 (4005)? Is it safe if it's not used?
7. If i use 6V as the input to the 3V (written on the trafo) input for above trafo, i will get 480V (240V x2) at the output. Is this right?
8. What are the rules so that the output can show arch/spark jump (i want just only 1mm gap). What is the minimal volt and minimal ampere at the secondary trafo?
9. I wonder the pulse that generate by the 555, has it negative pulse (eg. 5V, 0V and -5volt) or only positive pulse (eg. 5V and 0volt)
10. Is it needed to put capacitor (for example: 10uF/400V) at the secondary of trafo? or maybe up to 20 capacitors @10uF/400V paralled? just to make more painful.
11. If capacitors above is attached, what rectifier is best? Halfwave or full wave rectifier?
12. Can voltage multiplier ( a diode and a capacitor) used at the output? Is it possible?
13. If the output is shorted to make spark, will this action make the component like transistor, or trafo , or IC555 broken?
14. To make more painful, i've maybe crazy idea. Why just make 2 or more unit of this thread's project. But all are powered by same power supply. If for example, we make 2 unit, we have 2 independent output (from trafos), right? I think It's clever to put these 2 output in series, so if for example, one output is 480volt, by putting in series, we got 960volt (480V x2)
15. I also interested in the swatter ( electro racket to stun mosquito/flies)
-It use just only a transistor and a resistor for providing oscilator, is full sinus is produced by this oscilator?
16. I also interested in the swatter ( electro racket to stun mosquito/flies)
-At the secondary side (where the big capacitor is), a diode (halfwave rectifier) is used, i think this is not eficient, and i plan to replace with fullwave rectifier (4 x 1N4007). Can you give comment about this?
17. How much does TIP31 cost? Is it expensive?
18. There are also TIP31A/B/C , what's the difference with TIP31?
19. Can you suggest "alternative transistor" for TIP31 that maybe cost cheaper?
20. I'm very interested in stunner / spark generator. If i only use 2 AA NIMH battery that each has 1,2 volt 2400mAh, so the total voltage is 2,4volt, can i make strong/deadly stunner? any idea? May be by increasing the capacitors at the output, or use voltage multiplier ( diode and capacitor), or by making many unit and series the output from each trafo. Can you suggest ultimate posibilty strongest stunner, by using only 2,4V ( form 2 NiMH battery)
21. If only use 1 NiMH battery that has voltage 1,2volt 2400mAh, is it posible to make medium stunner?
22. Out of topic, if we compare small adaptor trafo ( for example: 100mA,200mA, 500mA) with larger ampere adaptor trafo (for example: 1A, 5A, 10A trafo). Do they have difference in efficiency? Is larger the ampere of the trafo, the efficiency is better? maybe because of the bigger the diameter of the copper wire of the trafo, the resistance is also decrease, so the resistance loss is smaller. I've also same Nokia handphone adaptors, they have the same size, but the weight is not the same.When in use, the one is hotter than the other, can you explain this?

leonar · 22nd April 2007, 03:07 PM

0. The transistor used here is as a switch that on and off repeatly. What is the ideal freq. of this on & off?
1. The transistor used here is as a switch that on and off repeatly, so it is only produce pulse DC ( no negative pulse). Is it as good as the pulse that has negative pulse ( for example: pure sinus wave)? How about the efficiency between them?
2. The trafo used in this thread probably rare to find and have thin wire, that make me care the thin wire will broken when i apply about 500mA current. So, i will use regular household adaptor that is easily founded, 3V at the primary and 240V at the secondary winding, rated 500mA. Is it OK? Or maybe have to be rated 1A?
3. If above regular trafo is used, which freq. is suitable that generate by the 555 (at pin 3)? Is it 50/60Hz?
4. Is there more suitable trafo beside above regular trafo?
5. What's the function of D1 (4148)? Is it safe if it's not used?
6. What's the function of D2 (4005)? Is it safe if it's not used?

leonar · 22nd April 2007, 03:43 PM

7. If i use 6V as the input to the 3V (written on the trafo) input for above trafo, i will get 480V (240V x2) at the output. Is this right?
8. What are the rules so that the output can show arch/spark jump (i want just only 1mm gap). What is the minimal volt and minimal ampere at the secondary trafo?
9. I wonder the pulse that generate by the 555, has it negative pulse (eg. 5V, 0V and -5volt) or only positive pulse (eg. 5V and 0volt)

leonar · 22nd April 2007, 03:44 PM

10. Is it needed to put capacitor (for example: 10uF/400V) at the secondary of trafo? or maybe up to 20 capacitors @10uF/400V paralled? just to make more painful.
11. If capacitors above is attached, what rectifier is best? Halfwave or full wave rectifier?
12. Can voltage multiplier ( a diode and a capacitor) used at the output? Is it possible?
13. If the output is shorted to make spark, will this action make the component like transistor, or trafo , or IC555 broken?

leonar · 22nd April 2007, 03:45 PM

14. To make more painful, i've maybe crazy idea. Why just make 2 or more unit of this thread's project. But all are powered by same power supply. If for example, we make 2 unit, we have 2 independent output (from trafos), right? I think It's clever to put these 2 output in series, so if for example, one output is 480volt, by putting in series, we got 960volt (480V x2)
15. I also interested in the swatter ( electro racket to stun mosquito/flies)
-It use just only a transistor and a resistor for providing oscilator, is full sinus is produced by this oscilator?
16. I also interested in the swatter ( electro racket to stun mosquito/flies)
-At the secondary side (where the big capacitor is), a diode (halfwave rectifier) is used, i think this is not eficient, and i plan to replace with fullwave rectifier (4 x 1N4007). Can you give comment about this?

leonar · 22nd April 2007, 03:46 PM

17. How much does TIP31 cost? Is it expensive?
18. There are also TIP31A/B/C , what's the difference with TIP31?
19. Can you suggest "alternative transistor" for TIP31 that maybe cost cheaper?
20. I'm very interested in stunner / spark generator. If i only use 2 AA NIMH battery that each has 1,2 volt 2400mAh, so the total voltage is 2,4volt, can i make strong/deadly stunner? any idea? May be by increasing the capacitors at the output, or use voltage multiplier ( diode and capacitor), or by making many unit and series the output from each trafo. Can you suggest ultimate posibilty strongest stunner, by using only 2,4V ( form 2 NiMH battery)
21. If only use 1 NiMH battery that has voltage 1,2volt 2400mAh, is it posible to make medium stunner?
22. Out of topic, if we compare small adaptor trafo ( for example: 100mA,200mA, 500mA) with larger ampere adaptor trafo (for example: 1A, 5A, 10A trafo). Do they have difference in efficiency? Is larger the ampere of the trafo, the efficiency is better? maybe because of the bigger the diameter of the copper wire of the trafo, the resistance is also decrease, so the resistance loss is smaller. I've also same Nokia handphone adaptors, they have the same size, but the weight is not the same.When in use, the one is hotter than the other, can you explain this?

leonar · 22nd April 2007, 03:47 PM

0. The transistor used here is as a switch that on and off repeatly. What is the ideal freq. of this on & off?
1. The transistor used here is as a switch that on and off repeatly, so it is only produce pulse DC ( no negative pulse). Is it as good as the pulse that has negative pulse ( for example: pure sinus wave)? How about the efficiency between them?
2. The trafo used in this thread probably rare to find and have thin wire, that make me care the thin wire will broken when i apply about 500mA current. So, i will use regular household adaptor that is easily founded, 3V at the primary and 240V at the secondary winding, rated 500mA. Is it OK? Or maybe have to be rated 1A?
3. If above regular trafo is used, which freq. is suitable that generate by the 555 (at pin 3)? Is it 50/60Hz?
4. Is there more suitable trafo beside above regular trafo?
5. What's the function of D1 (4148)? Is it safe if it's not used?
6. What's the function of D2 (4005)? Is it safe if it's not used?
7. If i use 6V as the input to the 3V (written on the trafo) input for above trafo, i will get 480V (240V x2) at the output. Is this right?
8. What are the rules so that the output can show arch/spark jump (i want just only 1mm gap). What is the minimal volt and minimal ampere at the secondary trafo?
9. I wonder the pulse that generate by the 555, has it negative pulse (eg. 5V, 0V and -5volt) or only positive pulse (eg. 5V and 0volt)
10. Is it needed to put capacitor (for example: 10uF/400V) at the secondary of trafo? or maybe up to 20 capacitors @10uF/400V paralled? just to make more painful.
11. If capacitors above is attached, what rectifier is best? Halfwave or full wave rectifier?
12. Can voltage multiplier ( a diode and a capacitor) used at the output? Is it possible?
13. If the output is shorted to make spark, will this action make the component like transistor, or trafo , or IC555 broken?
14. To make more painful, i've maybe crazy idea. Why just make 2 or more unit of this thread's project. But all are powered by same power supply. If for example, we make 2 unit, we have 2 independent output (from trafos), right? I think It's clever to put these 2 output in series, so if for example, one output is 480volt, by putting in series, we got 960volt (480V x2)
15. I also interested in the swatter ( electro racket to stun mosquito/flies)
-It use just only a transistor and a resistor for providing oscilator, is full sinus is produced by this oscilator?
16. I also interested in the swatter ( electro racket to stun mosquito/flies)
-At the secondary side (where the big capacitor is), a diode (halfwave rectifier) is used, i think this is not eficient, and i plan to replace with fullwave rectifier (4 x 1N4007). Can you give comment about this?
17. How much does TIP31 cost? Is it expensive?
18. There are also TIP31A/B/C , what's the difference with TIP31?
19. Can you suggest "alternative transistor" for TIP31 that maybe cost cheaper?
20. I'm very interested in stunner / spark generator. If i only use 2 AA NIMH battery that each has 1,2 volt 2400mAh, so the total voltage is 2,4volt, can i make strong/deadly stunner? any idea? May be by increasing the capacitors at the output, or use voltage multiplier ( diode and capacitor), or by making many unit and series the output from each trafo. Can you suggest ultimate posibilty strongest stunner, by using only 2,4V ( form 2 NiMH battery)
21. If only use 1 NiMH battery that has voltage 1,2volt 2400mAh, is it posible to make medium stunner?
22. Out of topic, if we compare small adaptor trafo ( for example: 100mA,200mA, 500mA) with larger ampere adaptor trafo (for example: 1A, 5A, 10A trafo). Do they have difference in efficiency? Is larger the ampere of the trafo, the efficiency is better? maybe because of the bigger the diameter of the copper wire of the trafo, the resistance is also decrease, so the resistance loss is smaller. I've also same Nokia handphone adaptors, they have the same size, but the weight is not the same.When in use, the one is hotter than the other, can you explain this?

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9th April 2007, 09:56 PM	(permalink)
Zed	I was wondering if the stun gun circuit could be modified into an electronic form of Viagra. Having said that I have an image from that other thread where the guy holds onto the final anode cap of a TV set and sets light to paper with his finger now. __________________ ''It was working when it went out''

10th April 2007, 12:24 AM	(permalink)
Sceadwian	Considernig it's blood vessals not muscle tissue involved, electricity isn't going to be overly useful. __________________ "Because I be what I be. I would tell you what you want to know if I could, mum, but I be a cat, and no cat anywhere ever gave anyone a straight answer, har har."

10th April 2007, 06:15 PM	(permalink)
cbryant18	trying to get to work Well, I finished this project a couple of days ago, but it is not a very painful shock. Almost like a bee sting. I could not get this to work without grounding the third pin on the transformer though. Any suggestions?

13th April 2007, 12:01 AM	(permalink)
things	for high voltage why not just connect the 9 volt battery's negative lead to a ignition coil and quickly swipe the positive over the + terminal on the coil. that gives a pretty good spark and shock. although you do get about 300 volts or so back from the coil into the battery or your hand if you touch the battery lead while your doing it. do the batteries mind that or are they going to explode on me?

13th April 2007, 12:17 AM	(permalink)
audioguru	A 9V alkaline battery won't explode when you overload it with an ignition coil, it will just die quickly and will get hot. __________________ Uncle $crooge

13th April 2007, 01:50 PM	(permalink)
cbryant18	Well, I hooked this up again on a trainer and it worked great-so now I am going to try soldering a new one altogether-and hopefully I won't get any wires misplaced!

14th April 2007, 05:27 AM	(permalink)
TheVictim	Is that a stun gun in your pants or are you just happy to see me?

22nd April 2007, 07:55 AM	(permalink)
leonar	0. The transistor used here is as a switch that on and off repeatly. What is the ideal freq. of this on & off? 1. The transistor used here is as a switch that on and off repeatly, so it is only produce pulse DC ( no negative pulse). Is it as good as the pulse that has negative pulse ( for example: pure sinus wave)? How about the efficiency between them? 2. The trafo used in this thread probably rare to find and have thin wire, that make me care the thin wire will broken when i apply about 500mA current. So, i will use regular household adaptor that is easily founded, 3V at the primary and 240V at the secondary winding, rated 500mA. Is it OK? Or maybe have to be rated 1A? 3. If above regular trafo is used, which freq. is suitable that generate by the 555 (at pin 3)? Is it 50/60Hz? 4. Is there more suitable trafo beside above regular trafo? 5. What's the function of D1 (4148)? Is it safe if it's not used? 6. What's the function of D2 (4005)? Is it safe if it's not used? 7. If i use 6V as the input to the 3V (written on the trafo) input for above trafo, i will get 480V (240V x2) at the output. Is this right? 8. What are the rules so that the output can show arch/spark jump (i want just only 1mm gap). What is the minimal volt and minimal ampere at the secondary trafo? 9. I wonder the pulse that generate by the 555, has it negative pulse (eg. 5V, 0V and -5volt) or only positive pulse (eg. 5V and 0volt) 10. Is it needed to put capacitor (for example: 10uF/400V) at the secondary of trafo? or maybe up to 20 capacitors @10uF/400V paralled? just to make more painful. 11. If capacitors above is attached, what rectifier is best? Halfwave or full wave rectifier? 12. Can voltage multiplier ( a diode and a capacitor) used at the output? Is it possible? 13. If the output is shorted to make spark, will this action make the component like transistor, or trafo , or IC555 broken? 14. To make more painful, i've maybe crazy idea. Why just make 2 or more unit of this thread's project. But all are powered by same power supply. If for example, we make 2 unit, we have 2 independent output (from trafos), right? I think It's clever to put these 2 output in series, so if for example, one output is 480volt, by putting in series, we got 960volt (480V x2) 15. I also interested in the swatter ( electro racket to stun mosquito/flies) -It use just only a transistor and a resistor for providing oscilator, is full sinus is produced by this oscilator? 16. I also interested in the swatter ( electro racket to stun mosquito/flies) -At the secondary side (where the big capacitor is), a diode (halfwave rectifier) is used, i think this is not eficient, and i plan to replace with fullwave rectifier (4 x 1N4007). Can you give comment about this? 17. How much does TIP31 cost? Is it expensive? 18. There are also TIP31A/B/C , what's the difference with TIP31? 19. Can you suggest "alternative transistor" for TIP31 that maybe cost cheaper? 20. I'm very interested in stunner / spark generator. If i only use 2 AA NIMH battery that each has 1,2 volt 2400mAh, so the total voltage is 2,4volt, can i make strong/deadly stunner? any idea? May be by increasing the capacitors at the output, or use voltage multiplier ( diode and capacitor), or by making many unit and series the output from each trafo. Can you suggest ultimate posibilty strongest stunner, by using only 2,4V ( form 2 NiMH battery) 21. If only use 1 NiMH battery that has voltage 1,2volt 2400mAh, is it posible to make medium stunner? 22. Out of topic, if we compare small adaptor trafo ( for example: 100mA,200mA, 500mA) with larger ampere adaptor trafo (for example: 1A, 5A, 10A trafo). Do they have difference in efficiency? Is larger the ampere of the trafo, the efficiency is better? maybe because of the bigger the diameter of the copper wire of the trafo, the resistance is also decrease, so the resistance loss is smaller. I've also same Nokia handphone adaptors, they have the same size, but the weight is not the same.When in use, the one is hotter than the other, can you explain this?

22nd April 2007, 03:07 PM	(permalink)
leonar	Really interested 0. The transistor used here is as a switch that on and off repeatly. What is the ideal freq. of this on & off? 1. The transistor used here is as a switch that on and off repeatly, so it is only produce pulse DC ( no negative pulse). Is it as good as the pulse that has negative pulse ( for example: pure sinus wave)? How about the efficiency between them? 2. The trafo used in this thread probably rare to find and have thin wire, that make me care the thin wire will broken when i apply about 500mA current. So, i will use regular household adaptor that is easily founded, 3V at the primary and 240V at the secondary winding, rated 500mA. Is it OK? Or maybe have to be rated 1A? 3. If above regular trafo is used, which freq. is suitable that generate by the 555 (at pin 3)? Is it 50/60Hz? 4. Is there more suitable trafo beside above regular trafo? 5. What's the function of D1 (4148)? Is it safe if it's not used? 6. What's the function of D2 (4005)? Is it safe if it's not used?

22nd April 2007, 03:43 PM	(permalink)
leonar	7. If i use 6V as the input to the 3V (written on the trafo) input for above trafo, i will get 480V (240V x2) at the output. Is this right? 8. What are the rules so that the output can show arch/spark jump (i want just only 1mm gap). What is the minimal volt and minimal ampere at the secondary trafo? 9. I wonder the pulse that generate by the 555, has it negative pulse (eg. 5V, 0V and -5volt) or only positive pulse (eg. 5V and 0volt)

22nd April 2007, 03:44 PM	(permalink)
leonar	10. Is it needed to put capacitor (for example: 10uF/400V) at the secondary of trafo? or maybe up to 20 capacitors @10uF/400V paralled? just to make more painful. 11. If capacitors above is attached, what rectifier is best? Halfwave or full wave rectifier? 12. Can voltage multiplier ( a diode and a capacitor) used at the output? Is it possible? 13. If the output is shorted to make spark, will this action make the component like transistor, or trafo , or IC555 broken?

22nd April 2007, 03:45 PM	(permalink)
leonar	14. To make more painful, i've maybe crazy idea. Why just make 2 or more unit of this thread's project. But all are powered by same power supply. If for example, we make 2 unit, we have 2 independent output (from trafos), right? I think It's clever to put these 2 output in series, so if for example, one output is 480volt, by putting in series, we got 960volt (480V x2) 15. I also interested in the swatter ( electro racket to stun mosquito/flies) -It use just only a transistor and a resistor for providing oscilator, is full sinus is produced by this oscilator? 16. I also interested in the swatter ( electro racket to stun mosquito/flies) -At the secondary side (where the big capacitor is), a diode (halfwave rectifier) is used, i think this is not eficient, and i plan to replace with fullwave rectifier (4 x 1N4007). Can you give comment about this?

22nd April 2007, 03:46 PM	(permalink)
leonar	17. How much does TIP31 cost? Is it expensive? 18. There are also TIP31A/B/C , what's the difference with TIP31? 19. Can you suggest "alternative transistor" for TIP31 that maybe cost cheaper? 20. I'm very interested in stunner / spark generator. If i only use 2 AA NIMH battery that each has 1,2 volt 2400mAh, so the total voltage is 2,4volt, can i make strong/deadly stunner? any idea? May be by increasing the capacitors at the output, or use voltage multiplier ( diode and capacitor), or by making many unit and series the output from each trafo. Can you suggest ultimate posibilty strongest stunner, by using only 2,4V ( form 2 NiMH battery) 21. If only use 1 NiMH battery that has voltage 1,2volt 2400mAh, is it posible to make medium stunner? 22. Out of topic, if we compare small adaptor trafo ( for example: 100mA,200mA, 500mA) with larger ampere adaptor trafo (for example: 1A, 5A, 10A trafo). Do they have difference in efficiency? Is larger the ampere of the trafo, the efficiency is better? maybe because of the bigger the diameter of the copper wire of the trafo, the resistance is also decrease, so the resistance loss is smaller. I've also same Nokia handphone adaptors, they have the same size, but the weight is not the same.When in use, the one is hotter than the other, can you explain this?

22nd April 2007, 03:47 PM	(permalink)
leonar	0. The transistor used here is as a switch that on and off repeatly. What is the ideal freq. of this on & off? 1. The transistor used here is as a switch that on and off repeatly, so it is only produce pulse DC ( no negative pulse). Is it as good as the pulse that has negative pulse ( for example: pure sinus wave)? How about the efficiency between them? 2. The trafo used in this thread probably rare to find and have thin wire, that make me care the thin wire will broken when i apply about 500mA current. So, i will use regular household adaptor that is easily founded, 3V at the primary and 240V at the secondary winding, rated 500mA. Is it OK? Or maybe have to be rated 1A? 3. If above regular trafo is used, which freq. is suitable that generate by the 555 (at pin 3)? Is it 50/60Hz? 4. Is there more suitable trafo beside above regular trafo? 5. What's the function of D1 (4148)? Is it safe if it's not used? 6. What's the function of D2 (4005)? Is it safe if it's not used? 7. If i use 6V as the input to the 3V (written on the trafo) input for above trafo, i will get 480V (240V x2) at the output. Is this right? 8. What are the rules so that the output can show arch/spark jump (i want just only 1mm gap). What is the minimal volt and minimal ampere at the secondary trafo? 9. I wonder the pulse that generate by the 555, has it negative pulse (eg. 5V, 0V and -5volt) or only positive pulse (eg. 5V and 0volt) 10. Is it needed to put capacitor (for example: 10uF/400V) at the secondary of trafo? or maybe up to 20 capacitors @10uF/400V paralled? just to make more painful. 11. If capacitors above is attached, what rectifier is best? Halfwave or full wave rectifier? 12. Can voltage multiplier ( a diode and a capacitor) used at the output? Is it possible? 13. If the output is shorted to make spark, will this action make the component like transistor, or trafo , or IC555 broken? 14. To make more painful, i've maybe crazy idea. Why just make 2 or more unit of this thread's project. But all are powered by same power supply. If for example, we make 2 unit, we have 2 independent output (from trafos), right? I think It's clever to put these 2 output in series, so if for example, one output is 480volt, by putting in series, we got 960volt (480V x2) 15. I also interested in the swatter ( electro racket to stun mosquito/flies) -It use just only a transistor and a resistor for providing oscilator, is full sinus is produced by this oscilator? 16. I also interested in the swatter ( electro racket to stun mosquito/flies) -At the secondary side (where the big capacitor is), a diode (halfwave rectifier) is used, i think this is not eficient, and i plan to replace with fullwave rectifier (4 x 1N4007). Can you give comment about this? 17. How much does TIP31 cost? Is it expensive? 18. There are also TIP31A/B/C , what's the difference with TIP31? 19. Can you suggest "alternative transistor" for TIP31 that maybe cost cheaper? 20. I'm very interested in stunner / spark generator. If i only use 2 AA NIMH battery that each has 1,2 volt 2400mAh, so the total voltage is 2,4volt, can i make strong/deadly stunner? any idea? May be by increasing the capacitors at the output, or use voltage multiplier ( diode and capacitor), or by making many unit and series the output from each trafo. Can you suggest ultimate posibilty strongest stunner, by using only 2,4V ( form 2 NiMH battery) 21. If only use 1 NiMH battery that has voltage 1,2volt 2400mAh, is it posible to make medium stunner? 22. Out of topic, if we compare small adaptor trafo ( for example: 100mA,200mA, 500mA) with larger ampere adaptor trafo (for example: 1A, 5A, 10A trafo). Do they have difference in efficiency? Is larger the ampere of the trafo, the efficiency is better? maybe because of the bigger the diameter of the copper wire of the trafo, the resistance is also decrease, so the resistance loss is smaller. I've also same Nokia handphone adaptors, they have the same size, but the weight is not the same.When in use, the one is hotter than the other, can you explain this?