• Welcome to our site! Electro Tech is an online community (with over 170,000 members) who enjoy talking about and building electronic circuits, projects and gadgets. To participate you need to register. Registration is free. Click here to register now.

Building a homemade SGTC part 2: The Tank Capacit

    Blog entry posted in 'Uncategorised', February 26, 2011.

    In order for a Tesla coil to operate correctly, the tank capacitor must be matched to the transformer. An online calculator is a useful method to calculate the correct capacitance. According to this calculator, my 9kV neon sign transformer requires a 0.0176uF capacitor (17.6nF).
    To find the voltage rating of the capacitor, multiply the rated output of your transformer (in my case, 9000 volts) by 1.4 to get the peak voltage. 9000 x 1.4=12,600 volts. I'll round that to 13000 for a little extra safety. Since the capacitor in a Tesla coil is often charged to twice the transformer voltage, you must now double the peak voltage of your transformer. 13,000 x 2=26,000 volts for the capacitor. So, for my transformer, I will need a 26,000v, 17.6nF capacitor.
    There are a few options for tank capacitor of a Tesla coil. The first is a single, large high-voltage pulse capacitor. Though they may be effective and not take up too much space, they tend to be rather expensive. They also MUST NOT BE POLARIZED, as current is supposed to oscillate through the tank capacitor. Polarized capacitors would probably explode.
    The second option is a MMC (multi-miniature capacitors), which is a bunch of smaller capacitors wired together in series-parallel configurations to get the correct values. These are probably the favorite of many Tesla coilers nowadays, but once again, buying all these capacitors can get rather expensive.
    That leaves the final option: build your own. This is definitely the cheapest method, but it is important to understand that homemade capacitors are extremely "picky" and may not always work on the first try.
    One style of homemade capacitor is a basic stacked plate type. A dielectric is placed between two conductive plates, and another is stacked on top of that. This pattern repeats until the correct values are attained. Another online calculator is useful to determine the size of the plate capacitor.
    Another type is a rolled capacitor, which is similar to a plate capacitor except that it is all rolled together and (often) submerged in mineral oil to keep it cool and reduce corona. I, personally, don't recommend this, as it is quite messy and tends to fail in Tesla coil applications.
    I chose to go with the final option: the classic beer bottle capacitor. This method uses several bottles (often beer bottles) with aluminum foil on the outside and filled with saltwater. The great part about the beer bottle capacitor is that you can easily get most of the parts for free from a recycling center. At this point, I have two banks of six bottles. This is what they look like:
    51304 51305
    The first photo is just the overall look of the capacitor. In the second photo, you can see the long screws I am using to make contact with the water in the bottles. Everything is held together by the two scrap pieces of metal that are sitting across the mouths of the bottles. The "base plate" is a piece of metal used to connect all of the foil parts of the capacitors, and the "top plates" connect all the screws. These serve to be the two high-voltage contacts.

    The next part of the Tesla coil: The Spark Gap.

    Comments
    Hong Bin, April 01, 2011
    DerStrom8, I think capacitor is very very important to Tesla coil, right? are you sure the homemade capacitors can work? Hong Bin
    DerStrom8, April 01, 2011
    [QUOTE=Hong Bin;bt410]DerStrom8, I think capacitor is very very important to Tesla coil, right? are you sure the homemade capacitors can work? Hong Bin[/QUOTE] You are correct, Hong Bin. The tank capacitor is essential for the Tesla coil to work. It, along with the primary coil, creates the high frequency oscillations in the tank circuit that allow the Tesla coil to work. A capacitor is simply two conductive plates with a dielectric (insulator) between them. In the case of my homemade capacitors, the aluminum foil serves as one plate, and the salt water in the bottles serve as the other. The glass of the bottle is the dielectric. It is effectively the same as a high voltage capacitor, and has been used in the past for Tesla coil applications. Der Strom
    mychargers, April 08, 2011
    Yes, it is very useful to Building a homemade 4" diameter spark gap Tesla coil.
 

EE World Online Articles

Loading

 
Top